Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun have been awarded the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking work on the discovery of microRNA and its pivotal role in post-transcriptional gene regulation.
Their curiosity about how different cell types form led them to uncover these tiny RNA molecules, now known as microRNAs, which play a crucial role in controlling gene expression. Their pioneering research revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation, introducing a concept that is now fundamental to the biology of multicellular organisms, including humans.
MicroRNAs, which number over a thousand in the human genome, are essential for a wide array of biological processes, including development, cellular function, and maintaining homeostasis. This discovery has far-reaching implications for understanding health, disease, and the regulation of gene expression at a molecular level.
Ambros and Ruvkun’s work has not only deepened our comprehension of genetic control but has also opened new avenues for medical research, offering potential insights into treating a variety of genetic disorders and diseases.
The prestigious Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded each year by the Nobel Assembly, comprised of 50 professors from the Karolinska Institutet, to individuals who have made significant contributions to the field of medicine for the betterment of humanity.
In 2023, Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were honored with this distinguished prize for their pioneering research on nucleoside base alterations. Their groundbreaking work paved the way for the development of powerful mRNA vaccines, a crucial tool in the fight against Covid-19. Their discoveries not only revolutionized vaccine technology but also played a key role in addressing one of the most pressing global health crises in modern history.
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